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Analytical Techniques and Detection Limits 

DEPTH PROFILING

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)
Elemental depth profiling, of dopants and impurities 

 

Time-of-Flight Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF SIMS)
High resolution depth profiling,
Surface and interface contamination, 2D-3D mapping

Spreading Resistance Profiling (SRP)
Depth profiling of electrically active (n-type and p-type) dopants

 

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
Quantitative analysis including chemical state information.
Angle resolved mode for non-destructive near surface depth profiling

SURFACE CONTAMINATION

Vapour Phase Decomposition ICP-MS (VPD-ICP-MS)
Ultra-low level impurity measurements on wafer surfaces

Total X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (TXRF)
Trace element impurity mapping on wafer surface  

Complements VPD- ICPMS

​ION BEAM ANALYSIS

Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS)
Quantitative composition of films and high z impurities
Channelling mode for crystalline damage and crystal quality

Time of Flight Elastic Recoil Detection (TOF ERDA)
Quantitative depth profiling including Hydrogen

Medium Energy Ion Scattering (MEIS)

High depth resolution compositional and structural information

 

 

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MICROSCOPY and IMAGING

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM and STEM)
Microstructure, layer thickness and interfacial  defects analysis

Focused Ion Beam Imaging (FIB)

Ion or electron induced imaging of a milled cross section with a resolution of  2 -7 nm 


Scanning Electron Microscopy  (SEM EDX)

High resolution electron microscopy and elemental maps with EDX
 

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
Surface roughness measurements, step height and particle imaging with sub nm resolution

White Light Interferometry (WLI)
Surface roughness measurement with sub nm resolution in Z scale . 0.5 um in X and Y. 

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