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Analytical Techniques and Detection Limits 

DEPTH PROFILING

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)
Elemental depth profiling, of dopants and impurities 

 

Time-of-Flight Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF SIMS)
High resolution depth profiling,
Surface and interface contamination, 2D-3D mapping

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Spreading Resistance Profiling (SRP)
Depth profiling of electrically active (n-type and p-type) dopants

 

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
Quantitative analysis including chemical state information.
Angle resolved mode for non-destructive near surface depth profiling

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SURFACE CONTAMINATION

Vapour Phase Decomposition ICP-MS (VPD-ICP-MS)
Ultra-low level impurity measurements on wafer surfaces

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Total X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (TXRF)
Trace element impurity mapping on wafer surface  

Complements VPD- ICPMS

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​ION BEAM ANALYSIS

Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS)
Quantitative composition of films and high z impurities
Channelling mode for crystalline damage and crystal quality

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Time of Flight Elastic Recoil Detection (TOF ERDA)
Quantitative depth profiling including Hydrogen

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Medium Energy Ion Scattering (MEIS)

High depth resolution compositional and structural information

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MICROSCOPY and IMAGING

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM and STEM)
Microstructure, layer thickness and interfacial  defects analysis

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Focused Ion Beam Imaging (FIB)

Ion or electron induced imaging of a milled cross section with a resolution of  2 -7 nm 


Scanning Electron Microscopy  (SEM EDX)

High resolution electron microscopy and elemental maps with EDX
 

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
Surface roughness measurements, step height and particle imaging with sub nm resolution

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White Light Interferometry (WLI)
Surface roughness measurement with sub nm resolution in Z scale . 0.5 um in X and Y. 

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